拔牙窝处理
科学背景
目前已对拔牙后的骨和软组织重塑进行了深入研究。
临床研究显示:
- 拔牙后,由于存在骨和软组织吸收,会导致严重的骨量流失1–5
- 其中三分之二的吸收发生在拔牙后的前三个月内1
因此,在进行种植体植入时,如果未进行牙槽嵴保存,
- 对引导骨再生的需求将增加10倍6
- 对上颌窦底提升的需求将高出两倍,而需行更具侵入性手术的患者人数将高出四倍7
References
- Schropp L, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2003; 23(4): 313-23. (Clinical study)
- Van der Weijden F, et al.: J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36(12): 1048-58. (Systematic review)
- Sanz M, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21(1): 13-21. (Clinical study)
- Hammerle CH, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 23 Suppl 5: 80-82. (Systematic review)
- Jung RE, et al.: J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40(1) :90-98. (Clinical study)
- Weng D, et al.: Eur J Oral Implantol 2011; 4 Suppl: 59-66. (Systematic review)
- Cha JK, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2019; 30: 515-23. (Clinical study)
- Nevins M, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2006; 26(1): 19-29. (Clinical study)
- Vignoletti F, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 23 Suppl 5: 22-38. (Systematic review)
- Avila-Ortiz G, et al.: J Dent Res 2014; 93(10): 950-58. (Systematic review)
- Cardaropoli D, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(4): 421-30. (Clinical study)
- Cardaropoli D, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2014; 34(2): 211-17. (Clinical study)
- Morjaria KR, et al.: Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 16(1): 1-20. (Systematic review)
- Horvath A, et al.: Clin Oral Investig. 2013; 17(2): 341-63. (Systematic review)
- Vittorini Orgeas G, et al.: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2013; 28(4): 1049-61. (Systematic review)
- Ackermann KL: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2009; 29(5): 489-97. (Clinical study)
- Schlee M, Esposito M: Eur J Oral Implantol 2009; 2(3):209-17. (Clinical study)
图1:自然愈合。A:拔牙后。B:拔牙后2个月
另一方面,包括随机对照临床试验和荟萃分析在内的几项研究证明,使用盖氏生物材料进行牙槽嵴保存能够:
- 防止水平和垂直骨量流失,即使是在颊侧骨壁较薄的部位8
- 无论选择何时进行种植,均能够优化骨和软组织状况5,9-16
- 通过保持桥体下的牙槽嵴骨量和轮廓来提高美学效果17
References
- Schropp L, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2003; 23(4): 313-23. (Clinical study)
- Van der Weijden F, et al.: J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36(12): 1048-58. (Systematic review)
- Sanz M, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21(1): 13-21. (Clinical study)
- Hammerle CH, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 23 Suppl 5: 80-82. (Systematic review)
- Jung RE, et al.: J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40(1) :90-98. (Clinical study)
- Weng D, et al.: Eur J Oral Implantol 2011; 4 Suppl: 59-66. (Systematic review)
- Cha JK, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2019; 30: 515-23. (Clinical study)
- Nevins M, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2006; 26(1): 19-29. (Clinical study)
- Vignoletti F, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 23 Suppl 5: 22-38. (Systematic review)
- Avila-Ortiz G, et al.: J Dent Res 2014; 93(10): 950-58. (Systematic review)
- Cardaropoli D, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(4): 421-30. (Clinical study)
- Cardaropoli D, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2014; 34(2): 211-17. (Clinical study)
- Morjaria KR, et al.: Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 16(1): 1-20. (Systematic review)
- Horvath A, et al.: Clin Oral Investig. 2013; 17(2): 341-63. (Systematic review)
- Vittorini Orgeas G, et al.: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2013; 28(4): 1049-61. (Systematic review)
- Ackermann KL: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2009; 29(5): 489-97. (Clinical study)
- Schlee M, Esposito M: Eur J Oral Implantol 2009; 2(3):209-17. (Clinical study)
图2:采用牙槽嵴保存技术的骨量保持A:拔牙后。B:拔牙后3个月。
自然愈合对比牙槽嵴保存
自然愈合对比牙槽嵴保存
图3:自然愈合对比牙槽嵴保存
拔牙窝临床病例概要